用于制造磨料的材料主要可以分为合成材料和天然材料两大类。然而,天然磨料可能包括刚玉、金刚石和金刚砂。它们主要存在于自然矿床中,可以加工或开采以减少变化。另一方面,合成磨料是化学前体或原料大量加工的产物。它们由人造金刚石、碳化硅和氧化铝组成。许多天然磨料已经被合成材料修复,因为许多不同的工业应用需要可靠的性能。因此,除了天然钻石外,许多天然磨料的性质也是多变的。除此之外,硬度是研磨材料中最重要的特性之一。不过,研磨剂应该比抛光、研磨或去除等材料更硬。磨料的硬度数可以根据莫氏硬度试验、维氏硬度试验、努氏硬度试验来确定。 Thus, the Mohs scale, fist introduced in 1812, it is measures resistance to recognize as judged by the material need to be scratch. Likewise, this scale allocates numbers to natural minerals which has been majorly accepted as well as it is used by mineralogists. Moreover, the Vickers and Knoop hardness test basically deployed pyramid-shaped diamond recognizing devices and scale up the indentation generated by diamond in a offered test material. Thus, the Vickers test was specially designed usually for metals. In the Knoop test, the hardness of enormously brittle materials comprising diamonds and even glass can be measured with no any harm either the test piece or the indenter.